The Life of an Immigrant Black Woman Essay - 1114 Words

Hardship and loss of freedom comes to mind as I think about an immigrant black woman. If they had other forms of persuasion other then the â€Å"glamour† or positive side of England that they heard about through tales, would they less enthused and reluctant of being the follower. Would the immigrant black woman still be as naà ¯ve? Once becoming a part of a different society, she has to adapt to the ways that she is unfamiliar with. She has to erase in a form of what she knows and feels is correct to from her true self. â€Å"I am staring painfully at an image. My image? No! – what is left of what once used to be my image†. (Darko p1) The immigrant black woman doesn’t seem to feel whole as she lacks love from her husband, her family and her†¦show more content†¦Her dowry is more if she is an educated girl, but that education will not seem apparent anymore once she is abroad. â€Å"I was given away to this man who paid two white cows, four healthy goats, four lengths of cloth, beads, gold jeweler and two bottles of London Dry Gin to my family, and took me off as his wife from my little African village, Naka, to him in the city†. (Darko p3) â€Å"When those so-called traditional courts ask him what gives him the right, his self-righteous excuse is, ‘I bought her.à ¢â‚¬â„¢ Why, he can even quote the amount! That’s just too much. What is a woman worth, after all? And who has the right to make such audacious calculations?† (Maraire p34) She would only be known to work and provide for her family with no questions asked or help provided. Even the field of work is already picked without knowing or without consent. There is no equality in which she may know from her home. Traditions are left behind as a part of her adapting to the new life and ways even if she tries to follow them, they are considered wrong in that country because they do not understand. â€Å"You must not take the Western anthropologists’ view of our culture. They perceive our customs through their lens. There are terms and customs that cannot be translated adequately into their language and so become distorted†. (Maraire p32) When she arrives at this grand place of opportunity, she is thrown into a glum future.Show MoreRelatedImmigrant Women And American Consumer Culture980 Words   |  4 PagesImmigrant women were susceptible to the American consumer culture as soon as they stepped foot on American soil. One aspect of consumer culture some immigrant women partook in was the consumption of silent pictures, which were accessible to immigrant women who could not speak English. Silent pictures provided immigrant women with exposure to American culture without the necessity for understanding the English language; in this scenario pictures were louder than words. Immigrant women also benefitedRead MoreThe Gilded Age Still Effect American Life Today1370 Words   |  6 Pagesopportunities, advances in transportation and sanitation, which improved overall standard of living. All advancements that took place in The Gilded Age still effect American life today. The rapid development of the cities in the 19th century served as both a separation and togetherness factor in American political, economic and social life. Cities in the area creat ed a wealthy cross-section of the world’s population, making the cities a diverse, metropolitan area, drawing a lot of attention to the socialRead MoreAmerican Ethnic Literature Differs From American Literature1378 Words   |  6 PagesAmerican ethnic authors include immigrants who have arrived in the United States and become a citizen or first-generation Americans. American ethnic authors write in English, but sometimes use original language and speech. American ethnic literature often depicts life before America, as well life after arriving. American ethnic literature is important because citizens of all nationalities can share and learn about different backgrounds. Many ethnic authors use life experiences to create their charactersRead MoreBlack Lives During The Harlem Renaissance1373 Words   |  6 PagesBlack Lives During the Harlem Renaissance New Negro Movement, the elegant roaring times of the Billie Holidays’, Dorothy Wests’, and the Augusta Savages’. The rebirth of African American arts, took place in Harlem, New York in the early 1920’s. The New Negro Movement was utilized to describe African American as artistic, conscious, sophisticated. The Great Migration was the movement of 6 million African Americans who began to move from the rural southern parts of the United States to the NortheastRead MoreThe Period After The Great War902 Words   |  4 PagesUnited States had been moving from an older world with not much individuality, to a more modern new world that we can recognize, more clearly, today. The 1920s had consisted of famous riots and restricts many immigrants had to abide by, amendments to the Constitution, and new ways of Blacks expression with the formation of Jazz music. An enormous part to moving into this new prosperous era had been the voyage of African Americans to the North. 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This film creates a one-dimensional or single conception of undocumented immigrants through the use of language, such as â€Å"illegal† or â₠¬Å"alien† and various other combinations. Another method is through the imagery it showed while there was dialogue being said. Most of the imagery in this film creates a narrative that undocumented Mexican immigrants are violent and a threat to Americans. Additionally

Organizational Behavior Executive Summary - 3144 Words

Organizational Behavior Executive summary As a multinational company which having a sound history, the Sony cooperation was doing well from its start. But the period of year 2004 and 2005, company face lot of instabilities in different areas. Company implemented different kind of changing methods to overcome those difficult situations. Even though those procedures are taken to best interest of the company, it creates both positive and negative impacts to the company. Actions or steps taken to organization running at correct path and expectation are achieved, what are the methods available to use in order to achieve the expectations and successfulness, the way of facing the internal and external factors and the way of†¦show more content†¦Organization’s changes include three levels called unfreeze, change and refreeze (Lewin, 1947). So to achieve effective change management levels, the proper implementation of this model is essential. 1.2 The importance of change management for SONY When considering the past few years (year 2000 to 2005) in Sony cooperation, there were lot of crisis situation’s occurred. So obviously Sony needs change to save or protect the company from this critical situation. As a world recognized branded company they were necessary in ell planned and organized change procedure. There are some key factors to influence the inefficiency. Mismanagement of finance, instability situation of organization, Lack of market trends identification, decision making barriers, unsatisfied customers’ need and wants etc. so management of the company has to predict, how those all factors will affect to the organization. 1.3 Types of changes As stated by Ambrose 2001, three types of main organization changes can be identify. It can be describe in following way, 1.3.1 Developmental changes Developmental changes can be defined as changes that implement to improve current organization procedures. Through the proper informed and training activities of the employees the development changes can be communicate and moreShow MoreRelatedWhat Strengths Of Organizational Leadership Presented By Sales And Marketing1635 Words   |  7 Pages(SS) Sheila Simmons lacks communications skills, and high job stress. Identifying the strengths of organizational leadership presented by Sales and Marketing (PI) Kenneth Bright along with OD consultant can lead and manage the organizational change. The OD consultant plans to introduce and communicate the change initiative to the employees begin with an interview questions by gender, organizational levels and age. 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Du Pont Case Free Essays

string(101) " His job was to design and implement a system for evaluating the biodegradation of the new material\." The Lally School of Management Technology Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Rev. June 28, 2006 DuPont’s Biomax ®: The Push for Commercial Applications Biomax ®, a polyester material that can be recycled or decomposed, holds up under normal commercial conditions for a time period established in the product specifications. The material itself can be made into fibers, films, or resins and is suitable for countless agricultural, industrial, and consumer products: mulch containers, mulching film, seed mats, plant pots, disposable eating utensils, blister packs, yard waste bags, parts of disposable diapers, blown bottles, injection molded products, coated paper products, and many, many others. We will write a custom essay sample on Du Pont Case or any similar topic only for you Order Now In the United State alone, where the average household creates over three tons of disposable waste each year, the number of potential applications for Biomax ® is immense. Its development represents a potentially huge business for DuPont and an important solution to the mounting problem of solid waste in developed countries. In 1989 at the inception of the project, DuPont executives were pressing research units to find new products with commercial applications. One of these research units had-developed a new â€Å"melt-spun† elastomeric material and was seeking commercial applications through the Success Group, its business development unit. The initial target application was as a substitute for the tapes then used on disposable baby diapers, which at that time used more expensive DuPont Lycra for that purpose. Rather than lose that business, however, the division dropped the price of Lycra. The project had reached its first dead end. A senior research associate of the Success Group, Ray Tietz, had noted the degradable characteristics of this new material. â€Å"One of the problems they had with the fibers we made with this material was that it would disintegrate if you boiled it in water. This was because of the sulphonate in it. I knew that if I made a polyester with this stuff in it, it would probably hydrolyze quickly. Iit might even be biodegradable. John Moore, the head of the Success Group, was a high energy â€Å"promoter,† as one colleague described him. He was determined to find a customer for whom degradability would be an important benefit-hopefully, a big one. A logical target was Procter Gamble, a major vendor of disposable diapers. Procter Gamble first introduced the disposable diaper in 1961 and by 1989 had built it into a huge business. Its success, however, coinc ided with a period of growing environmental This case was prepared by Mark Rice, Gina O’Connor, Richard Leifer, Christopher McDermott, Lois Peters, and Robert Veryzer, Jr. f the Lally School of Management and Technology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY as a basis for class discussion, and is not designed to present illustrations of either correct or incorrect handling of management problems. All rights reserved  © 2000. To order copies or request permission to reproduce materials, call 1-518-276-6842 or write Dr. Gina Colarelli O’Connor, Lally School of Management Technology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 Eighth Street, Troy, NY 12180. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, used in a spreadsheet, or transmitted in any form or by any means—electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the permission of the Lally School of Management Technology. 1 DuPont’s Biomax ® awareness, and it didn’t take long before the millions of used diapers sold by P and it imitators were attracting the attention of activists and regulators. By the 1980s, a growing number of voices were talking about either banning or significantly restricting the use of this class of products. Sensing the public mood and nervous about possible regulations, P was more than willing to listen to Moore’s pitch about the new de- gradable material. It even revealed its interest in the development of an entirely new material, one that was both degradable, and that didn’t have the â€Å"crinkly† feel of plastic or the â€Å"rustling† sound of paper. The diaper that P’s people envisioned would be a laminate with a cloth-like feel on the inside and a waterproof film on the outside, and they encouraged DuPont to work on a prototype. Sensing a huge potential market, Moore’s people were quick to oblige P. We spent a lot of research effort trying to make a degradable polymer that would be tough enough for the job,† Teitz later recalled. Months of effort produced a new laminated material that Teitz and others in the Success group thought would meet PG’s needs. Time and events, however, combined to work against them. Sensing that poli tical pressure for restrictive regulation was on the wane, and that cost-conscious customers would not pay a premium for biodegradable materials, Procter Gamble discontinued interest in the material under development by Moore’s development unit. From Degradable to Biodegradable The Success Group was now at a dead end. Furthermore, the standards for environmental acceptability were changing, becoming more stringent. Being degradable (i. e. , a substance that would disintegrate) had become passe; the new standard was biodegradability. Further, anything that passed itself off as biodegradable had to disappear in a reasonably short period of time. As of 1991, two years into the project, no one knew for sure whether DuPont’s new material would qualify as biodegradable. Given these new conditions, senior management was concerned about John Moore’s ability to command the respect of the technical community and decided to assign a new project manager, Ron Rollins. Credibility on the issue of biodegradability would be necessary for market acceptance. Obviously, no one would make a commitment to the new material until DuPont had firm data on its snack food appeal to microbes and on the rate at which it would disappear. Some suspected that the big opportunity with PG had been missed because of the absence of solid test data. To test the material, which by this time had been registered as Biomax ®, and to assure the credibility of it data, the project recruited a highly respected company scientist on a parttime basis. Henn Kilkson was a DuPont Fellow with experience in biodegradation. His job was to design and implement a system for evaluating the biodegradation of the new material. You read "Du Pont Case" in category "Essay examples" The choice of Kilkson for this job was deliberate; he was, in fact, DuPont’s representative to both an international committee and one formed by the American Society of Testing and Materials to set standards for biodegrabability. Before long, Kilkson’s researchers were busily making and composting prototype diapers that incorporated the newly developed laminated material. Using a sludge composting facility in Fair- field, Connecticut as a test bed, researchers tossed the 2 DuPont’s Biomax ® prototypes into the unsavory mess, and at the end of the composting cycle raked through the remains to observe the number and size of the remaining materials. This exercise determined the rate of disintegration, but never answered the question of biodegradability. Meanwhile, Kilkson found a European company that was actively involved in compost testing. A number of trials with Biomax ® samples were conducted; all indicated a favorable rate of biodegradation. However, Kilkson was not satisfied with the validity of these tests. Researchers also struck up a relationship with the city of Charlotte, North Carolina, which had a program for bagging and composing grass, leaves, and other yard wastes. The Charlotte facility used lots of manpower to empty bags of waste into a huge grinder and then transfer the ground waste to a composting pile. If employees could simply toss these bags into the grinder without having to cut them open and dispose of them separately, program managers reasoned that they could save substantially on labor costs. Of course, the ground up remnants of these bags would have to disappear — and quickly. The DuPont people gave the Charlotte facility a supply of net bags made from Biomax ® and enlisted their collaboration in testing biodegradable characteristics. Ideally, all remnants of these bags would be undetectable in less than a year. The bags themselves were made at a DuPont plant in Canada using a process introduced by a research associate in an- other laboratory. Employees in that tab were, like Rollins’ people, also searching feverishly for commercially attractive projects that the operating units of the company would support. Results at the Charlotte facility were positive. Not only did the bags decompose quickly, but they degraded biologically as well. The Charlotte experiment gave the Biomax team something to cheer about. The bag-making plant in Canada was also elated; it too was looking for a big market to serve. Things were at last looking up. But real customers willing to write out real purchase orders were still illusory. Meanwhile, Down in the Banana Groves †¦ By 1992, the Ron Rollins’ Success group had been disbanded and Biomax ® seemed destined to sit on the shelf—-one of many good ideas developed by DuPont scientists for which no market application could be found. Before this happened, however, the material caught the eye of Terry Fadem, head of the Corporate Development Group. Fadem thought that Biomax ® was worth another try. Even though a real customer had not signed on, the new polymer had two important features: first, no major capital investment would be needed to produce it in commercial quantities; and second, the potential market for a biodegradable alternative to the mountains of synthetic materials piling up in the industrialized world was huge-at least in the abstract. European consumer products companies, Fadem knew, were facing much stricter environmental controls than were their North American counterparts. The â€Å"Greens† were an active political force, particularly in Germany. Perhaps he could get some commitment from a European customer. According to Fadem, â€Å"I was of the opinion that if that didn’t work, or if we didn’t get some break in the market that was big enough, that we should either put the technology on the shelf or sell it off † So Fadem provided funds to support a small team of people working part time to keep the project alive As luck would have it, a break in favor of 3 DuPont’s Biomax ® Biomax ® appeared, but from a source that neither Fadem nor anyone else would have anticipated: the banana plantations of Costa Rica. Steve Gleich was a senior technical researcher working the DuPont’s Research Division for Agricultural Products. A chemical engineer by training, Gleich was experimenting with different packaging systems for controlling the delivery of pesticides. One was by means of a water soluble â€Å"bio-disappearing† film, as he later described it. The pesticide was distributed evenly through the film; when the film became wet it disappeared into the soil, leaving the chemical behind. Thus, farm workers could lay lengths of the chemical-laden material over a row of strawberries, for example, and the first watering or rain would lay down a perfectly even and prescribed dose exactly where it was needed. Gleich was aware of the Biomax ® project. He was also familiar with work on biodegradables being conducted by a joint venture company owned by ConAgra and DuPont. One day, another packaging engineer told Gleich, â€Å"If you solve the banana bag problem down in Costa Rica, you’ll be a big hero. † Banana bag problem? Gleich had no idea what he meant. So the engineer pulled a low-density polyethylene bag from his drawer. â€Å"They use millions of pounds of this stuff in the banana plantations,† he said. â€Å"They put a bag over every banana bunch. Some are impregnated with pesticides, but most are simply used as little hot-houses to ripen the fruit and protect it from bruises. This bit of information flipped on a switch in Gleich’s mind. Millions of pounds of nondegradable polyethylene translated into two things: big revenues for the vendor and a massive waste disposal problem for growers. If a bag material could be designed to disintegrate and biodegrade at the right time, growers could eliminat e major labor and waste handling costs. Working with contacts in Fadem’s development unit, Gleich arranged to have 50 bags made from Biomax ® and sent down to a sales agent working with Delmonte’s banana operation in Costa Rica. These bags were used to cover the fruit in the normal way and were observed over a 3-4 month period. As the bananas were harvested, the bags, now brittle, began to break apart into small strips and fall to the ground, where they could easily be raked up and composted. These first bags, however, turned brittle too soon in the cycle of fruit production, causing some bruising. So the enterprising researcher asked for another batch of bags — slightly heavier and formulated to come apart more readily. This second batch worked much better and Delmonte and its competitors, Dole and Chiquita, were soon expressing interest. They also wanted to explore applications for melons, strawberries, and other fruit. Ironically because of an internal squabble between the field manager and his counterpart at the head office, the field manager refused to install the redesigned banana bags and this application reached a dead-end. About this time Steve Gleich was assigned new duties within his business unit and his involvement in the Biomax ® project waned. The little band of part timers continued seeking applications. Some new potential agricultural applications emerged, but the project was going nowhere fast. Finally, Fadem convinced senior management to provide substantial corporate funding for a high profile advertising campaign soliciting inquiries. Approximately thirty serious responses were received. 4 DuPont’s Biomax ® They were deemed sufficiently promising that in 1996 Biomax ® was transferred out of development and into DuPont’s polyester resins and intermediates business unit. When Fadem’s team contacted the business unit manager to initiate the handoff, the manger asked where the prototype materials had been manufactured. She was surprised when Fadem told her that the prototype production had been done in her manufacturing facilities. Additional applications development work was required before significant production could be undertaken, and hence, even after the transfer, Terry Fadem’s team remained involved. A product manager in the business unit was assigned the task of completing the technical and market development for Biomax ®. Unfortunately for the project, he had only just begun the effort when he was promoted. The project was at a standstill for almost a year until a new product manager was assigned and brought up to speed. The second product manager forced his team to assess the thirty plus leads that had been generated by the advertising campaign and to select four on which to focus. As of mid 2000, development of the product and the search for commercial applications continued. The new product manager was convinced that the first significant revenues were just around the corner. 5 How to cite Du Pont Case, Essay examples

1. Topic Essay Example For Students

1. Topic Essay The report is about the difficulties based on cultural differences marketers and advertising agents have to deal with when setting up an advertising campaign. 2. IntroductionThe research report will try to show what are the main problems marketers are confronted with when they set up an advertising campaign for the world markets. It is not the goal of the essay to find new approaches to avoid expensive mistakes connected with the wrong advertising campaign. It rather should show with examples where global companies have made mistakes in the past, what the consequences were and should show what companies do and did to avoid such embarrassing mistakes and maybe where the changes in avoiding those mistakes are. The methods chosen by the companies or advertising agencies to avoid marketing mistakes should be found out by a questionnaire, which will be sent to the biggest advertising agencies in New Zealand via email. It is expected that they all use similar approaches when shaping and converting campaigns for the target markets. The topic of the report has been an increasing factor when designing international marketing strategies in recent years and will become more important in the next millennium. The reasons are a world, which moves up tighter together depending on the fast development of new technologies, which allows us to communicate with nearly every part of the world everytime. To avoid irritations based on cultural differences we have to know the cross-cultural differences. Another not less important factor is the many mergers in the last years, which lead to an increasing number of global players, which enter the global markets with their marketing strategies. To create the right mix they have to spend time on studying the differences in consumer behaviour based on cultural differences before creating a marketing strategy. 3. Problem StatementWhere are the limits of setting up an advertising campaign concerning the different consumer behaviour based on cultural differences? How do marketers shape and convert existing advertising campaigns for target markets. What do they do to avoid marketing mistakes caused by brand names, which might be misunderstood? Which parts of culture affect the work of marketers mainly? Where do markets exist where one advertising campaign and the same brand name do not cause a problem because of a similar consumer behaviour? Which are the markets where the marketers have to change their campaigns at the most because of the large differences in culture to other markets?4. Literature ReviewMany theories exist which deal with the topic. And also much research has been done to prove these theories. But only few authors have been able to develop strategies or solutions, which use the acknowledgements granted by the research. The reason might be that the universal strategy that fits for all problems caused by cultural differences does not exist. To find out something about the limits of cross-cultural advertising it is necessary to know how marketing and culture are linked and what belongs to culture. In the research report culture should include language, as a key to its culture, non-verbal communication, religion, time, space colour, numbers and food preferences. All these elements are included in an advertising campaign and can cause expensive mistakes when marketers do not consider the differences when creating for example an commercial. Another very important fact, which has to be considered, is that high- and low-context cultures exist. Many authors have written about this topic. One of the firsts who mentioned this in connection with global marketing was Wells (1987, cited in Martenson 1989). He presumed that high- and low-context cultures exist and that this should be considered when setting up an advertising campaign. His assumption was confirmed by a research by Rita Martenson (1989). She tested 239 people who belonged to five cultural groups with different grades of context-levels. The outcome supported clearly Wells proposition that high-context cultures get more information from non-verbal communication instruments than people, which belong to a low context culture. The Bill of Rights Essay(ii) ProceduresThe information is attempted to be collected with a questionnaire, which will be sent via email to the target group mentioned above. First I will introduce myself and show them the reason why they are asked to answer the following questionnaire. The email will also offer them a copy of the report if they are interested in it. This should motivate the companies to reply to the questionnaire. The first five questions should try to find out how deep the subject is involved in cross cultural marketing / advertising, so that the ones which are not or only less involved can be sorted out because they are not relevant for the research. The following questions are created in an open style so that the subject has to write down his individual experiences with the topic. That should try to facilitate a comparison is possible later on. The last question is voluntary and should collect examples of marketing mistakes, which can be used in the report. (iii) MaterialsThe only material, which is used to make the questionnaire possible, is the email facilities at Massey University. 6. Method of AnalysisThe results of the questionnaire should be compared. Similarities and differences will be analysed. The analyse will be using a qualitative approach because the questions, especially the last ones are very in depth and do not allow a quantitative analyse. Maybe it will be possible to find out that there exist different approaches on certain kind of markets to avoid marketing mistakes. It is expected that there will be the same main problems and the same parts of culture, which affect the marketers work. The companies who are not or only less involved in cross-cultural advertising/marketing will not be included in the analyse because their answers are baseed on theoretical experiences. 7. Recommendations or Practical OutcomeThe report will come to a conclusion as it connects the already known theories mentioned above (point 4) with the practical experiences of the companies, found out by the questionnaire. It might not be possible to draw up some recommendations but maybe it will be possible to show a change of dealing with cross cultural problems and based on that change their might be a possibility to show some interesting ways, which will affect that field in the future. BibliographyReference List:Herbig, P. A. (1998).Handbook of Cross Cultural Marketing. New York, London: The International Business Press. Martenson, R. (1989). International Advertising in Cross-Cultural Environments. In Kaynak, E. (Ed.).(1993). The Global Business: Four Key Marketing Strategies. New York, London, Norwood: The International Business Press. Bibliography:Bamossy, G.J. Costa J.A. (Eds.).(1995). Marketing in a Multicultural World: Ethnicity, Nationalism and Cultural Identity. Thousand Oaks, London, New Delhi: Sage Publications. Brook, M.Z. (1996): International Management: A Review of Strategies and Operations. Cheltingham: Stanley Thornes Ltd. Coscum Samli, A. (1995). International Consumer Behaviour: Its Impact on Marketing Strategy Development. Westport, London: Quorum Books. Euglis, B.E. (1994). Global and Multinational Advertising. Hillsdale, Hove: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Mooij, M. de (1998). Global Marketing and Advertising: Understanding Cultural Paradoxes. Thousand Oaks, London, New Delhi: Sage Publications.